Saturday, January 4, 2020

The Effects Of Sex Hormones On The Development Of...

Abstract Gender differences have been recorded by researches from single neurons in the cell to system level processes (Cahill 2006), and certain scientists proposed that sex hormones influence the development of prefrontal cortex, and this is supposed to be the cause of the differences in working memory performance (Duff Hampson, 2001). This study further investigated the existence and nature of this gender difference. A sample of 497 Monash University psychology undergraduates (385 females and 112 males; ages 18 – 64) were recruited for this study. Working memory performance was tested with online spatial working memory test, and 2D:4D finger length ratio was used as an indirect measure of sex hormone levels. The results revealed no sex differences in the working memory performance, but variance in 2D:4D ratio – females had a larger ratio than males. Memory reaction time was negatively correlated with 2D:4D ratio, thus, females had a quicker reaction time. Introduction Differences related to gender in spatial memory are most widely described and studied of cognitive sex differences. In 1974 Maccoby and Jacklin established that males usually perform better than females in measures of spatial performance, and this discovery has been constantly replicated in multiple studies covering various developmental stages (McGivern et al. 1997; Lewin et al. 2001) and spatial tasks (Dabbs Jr. et al. 1998; Driscoll et al. 2005). While many researches proved theShow MoreRelatedThe Research Theories Of Biosocial Criminology1177 Words   |  5 Pagesand Evolutionary. Biochemistry Biochemical conditions influence behavior by altering brain functions due to an abnormal amount of hormones, chemicals, and nutrients within the body. It has been found in multiple studies that high levels of androgens, male sex hormones, are indicative to higher rates of crime compared to those with average or low amounts of the hormone. 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