Understanding and applying motivation theories for achieving Essay

Understanding and applying motivation theories for achieving organization goals - Essay Example An organization comprises of human resources who have distinct feelings and emotions. These emotions and feelings play important role in determining the output and efficiency of work of the human factor while at job.In this paper we apply one or more of motivational theories to suggest improvement which the manager can apply in given work place scenario to improve employee response and motivation resulting in better output and achievement of organizational goals.Motivation theories provide ready and general constructs to analyze the behavior of human resources at work place. This analysis can distinctly exhibit the possible solutions to motivational problems at work place. Management of any organization has to work adequately to enthuse the human resources in order to ensure that they do work in consonance with organizational goals and objectives.Routine-requiring the 5 employees to attend to customer queries on mortgages, insurance and bank accounts themselves. This work is fairly s tructured task. The bank has standard question templates on terminals. Employees are required to query the customer and fill in the required data in these templates. Based on this data the answer to customer question(s) appears on terminal screen. This is then passed on to the customer to ensure satisfactory service. Such tasks form up to 90% of the total work load of these 5 employees.Non routine -These are customer queries which cannot be satisfied by the terminal based templates. They require additional knowledge about the banking products and often present such decision situations where creativity and correlation skills are required. It is an internal practice that such queries may be forwarded to the manager to deal. Normally such queries form about 10% of the total queries received by these 5 employees. 12 13 Problem has arisen as the manager has started receiving such forwarded queries much in excess of the 10% trend and she subsequently discovered that quite a few of them were in fact routine queries which could have been attended to by the 5 member line staff. 14 15 It is apparent that some line member is trying to pass on his/her work to the 'new unwary manager'. This is not only intruding upon the time and job responsibilities of the manager but also resulting in customer dissatisfaction as not only customer has to wait more to get routine answers but also several non routine queries wait longer as manager is busy in answering routine queries. There apparently is a major motivational problem amongst line staff which needs immediate resolution otherwise the situation may snowball with a multiplier effect. 16 Resolution 17 Manager has to realize that motivation comes from within. It is an inner drive that causes a person to do something or act in a certain way. It is a complex inspirational energy which is highly desirable in the workplace, equally desired by both managers and workers alike. However this inspirational energy is missing in portion or full in present situation. Motivated employees will put in extra effort when needed, without being asked. Instead here employees are trying to pass on the effort required of them to management layer. In order to resolve this manager can use any of the 8 popular motivation theories. These theories are Management by Objectives, Maslow's hierarchy, Quality Circles, Herzberg's Two-factor Theory, McGregor's Theory X and Y, "In Search of Excellence", theory of Peters and Waterman, Managerial Grid, and Likert

The issue of deforestation is the reality today Essay Example for Free

The issue of deforestation is the reality today Essay A standout amongst the most pervasive issues in our reality today is the issue of deforestation. Deforestation can be depicted as \the act of clearing the common timberlands for horticulture, logging, and so forth.\ (Deforestation Statistics). Subsequent to hearing the meaning of deforestation, the vast majority would not observe this to be an extremely noteworthy issue on the planet, however, in the wake of hearing the disturbing measurements related with deforestation, most would alter their opinion. For instance, apparently, the most stunning analysis is that deforestation has brought about 80 percent of Earth\s backwoods cover being chopped down (Deforestation Statistics). In spite of the fact that the timber gathered from these rainforests over the world fill essential needs, I don\t trust it is justified regardless of the value nature needs to pay. All that matters is this: Deforestation of the world\s rainforests isn\t justified regardless of the cost paid. Rainforests are home to incalculable types of creatures, a considerable lot of which are jeopardized. By tearing down trees in colossal amounts, people are demolishing the homes of each species that may live there. When mulling over that a portion of the animal types depending on the backwoods are jeopardized, one must understand that taking part in deforestation will probably bring about the elimination of that specific species. Deforestation has just dispensed with numerous species from our planet. For instance, Michael Greenwell composes that deforestation of the Amazon alone, brought about the annihilation of 26 distinct sorts of creatures and plants in South America, and 644 different kinds were in risk of getting to be noticeably terminated (Greenwell). When taking this data in, one must understand that those 26 distinct species are always gone. This is a lasting impact of deforestation. The creatures that are surviving deforestation are compelled to escape the zone and look fo r a new haven, which may be unsafe to animals, as well as to people too. In 2009, on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, six individuals were murdered by tigers. The explanation for this is the deforestation happening in Sumatra prompted laborers encroaching upon the living spaces of these tigers, finishing with the passings of 6 individuals (Mongabay). To make matters much more severe than they as of now are, the Sumatran tiger is \fundamentally imperiled,\ and this wood operation was illicit (Mongabay). Is the wood reaped from that woodland worth gambling wiping out the remainder of the 450 Sumatran tigers on earth (Mongabay)? Notwithstanding the damage deforestation incurs on creatures, deforestation is additionally unsafe to society. Numerous locals, particularly in South America, depend enormously on the rainforest. These clans live in the backwoods and accumulate the greater part of their assets from them too. The lives of these locals are flipped around when they must choose the option to surrender their home, because the rainforest is being annihilated in any case (Consequences of Deforestation). Clans are compelled to leave all that they know and move to more possessed territories that they are to a great degree unused to. In what capacity would someone be able to who has carried on with his or her whole life managing with the assets that earth gave abruptly figure out how to be effective in a city, where he or she is required to talk the dialect and know certain abilities? Deforestation ruins endless existences of individuals living in or close to the Amazon (Consequences of Deforestation). Keeping in mind the end goal to put into point of view exactly what number of individuals are affected in such a way, an article in the Nature Conservancy site expresses that \more than 1 billion individuals living in extraordinary neediness rely upon woods for their water, fuel, or occupations\ (). Likewise, quite a bit of my family on my dad\s side lives in Brazil keeping in mind the end goal to do mission work. They live in the wilderness now and again, and would be straightforwardly influenced if the territory of the Amazon in which they dwell was to be torn down. After my family in Brazil educated me on how specifically deforestation influences the locals they work with, I started to understand that deforestation is significantly a greater amount of an issue than I had trusted it to be. Another unsafe symptom of deforestation is the impact it has on the world\s climate. Deforestation is said to be specifically identified with the issue of an Earth-wide temperature boost. By chopping down the rainforests, the measure of nursery gasses in the environment increments. Trees and plants take in risky gasses, for example, carbon dioxide, and change over them into oxygen that we as people depend on. While chopping down rainforests, we are denying ourselves of wellsprings of oxygen to inhale, and in the meantime, expanding the measure of unsafe gasses noticeable all around (Consequences of Deforestation). In farct, \deforestation is the second driving patron for carbon discharges around the world\ (Climate Change: Our Priority). Along these lines, everybody who sees the issue of an unnatural weather change as imperative ought to likewise see the issue of deforestation as an issue that requirements more consideration, since how might one battle an unnatural weather change if the second driving reason is left unaddressed? Despite the fact that I do understand that deforestation gives openings for work to individuals in regions with rainforests, and that it gives society a lot of wood utilized for building, paper, and different items, is it extremely justified regardless of the cost paid? For consistently that passes, enough trees to totally cover the territory of New York are chopped down because of deforestation (Climate Change: What We Do). What\s more, if deforestation proceeds in light of current circumstances, it is evaluated that all rainforests will be killed inside a century (Climate Change: What We Do). More than 50 percent of the found plant and creature species live in tropical rainforests, and by dispensing with the trees, we wipe out these creatures. Rainforest deforestation has significantly a greater number of cons than masters, and needs more consideration. While considering how this influences plants, creatures, the climate, and society, it is clear that deforestation isn\t justified regardless of the cost paid.

Zorlu Holding And Vestel Electronics :: essays research papers

Zorlu Holding & The Vision Of The Company Mehmet Zorlu, established their Group's first company in the early 1950s, he laid the ground rules for the Zorlu Group's subsequent growth: integrity, perseverance’ and unconditional commitment to quality. Integrity is the Group's cornerstone value and they expect it to govern every aspect of their business. Hard work and perseverance are essential for the day-to-day success of their enterprises as they are for the undertaking) of a new venture. Quality is the key to customer loyalty, on which the long-term prosperity a f all ventures depends. With these ground rules, the Zorlu Group has sought to develop solid and profitable businesses that contribute to the welfare of the Group; its customers, business partners and employees; as well as the larger community. Until the early 1990s, they focused their investments in home textiles, an activity the Zorlu family has been involved with for several generations and in which they have a particular expertise. In 1994, they saw the opp ortunity to employ their strong capital and human resources in the consumer electronics sector, through the acquisition of the Vestel electronics Group. This was followed, in 1996 and 1997, by investments in the fast- growing energy and financial services sectors. Between 1990 and 1997, they tripled the number of their operations, increasing their total assets to just under US$ 1 billion, excluding the assets of five of their six subsidiaries incorporated abroad. They invested in state-of the-art spinning, weaving and textile technology that has made them the world’s largest; vertically-integrated polyester curtain producer and will propel them to the forefront of the international home textile industry in the years to come. They acquired the Vestel Group of consumer electronics companies, pushed its balance sheet from an undeserved red into the black, and set it on course to become a leading contender in the international consumer electronics markets. They established a bank, a leasing company and o factoring firm and they penetrated the power generation and electricity distribution sectors with the construction of two plants and a; competitive bid for o state- owned, plant slated for privatization. The Zorlu Group's rapid growth since 1990 reflects the vast range of opportunities that have emerged from the unique juncture of Turkey's Customs Union with the European Today, their operations include 32 companies in Turkey, France, Germany, Holland and South Africa in the textile, consumer electronics, finance, energy and tourism sectors. In 1997, their key operations achieved net sales of almost US$ 750 million and after tax profits of just under US$ 80 million.

The Role of Technology in Education

Our school has an extremely low budget of approximately eighteen million dollars. Where should the money go? Should it go to the English department, or the math and science buildings? Should the money be invested in expanding our school and giving raises to hard-working teachers? Or should the money be invested in the ever so popular increasing demand of computers†¦ Should we get linked to the increasing Information Superhighway? In education, the issue of technology is constantly rising in debate. Should schools spend money on computers and networking which is an extremely hard field to keep updated both in software and hardware? Schools have found both the benefits and the drawbacks in investing in computers and technology. The use of Information Technology benefits students greatly in many areas. Information technology has encouraged the development of productivity, increased student involvement and enabled students to complete joint projects with students in other cities, states and even countries (Carey 26). Studies on students who have twenty four hour access to laptops have shown that students shown an increase in problem-solving and critical thing sills, enhanced learning in core academic subjects, produce higher quality work and have even provided more one-on one time between teachers and students (THE Journal 16). Technology is an integral component of learning. Being that students learn at different rates, technology can individualize instruction. They can move at an appropriate pace providing a solid foundation of basic skills. Computer based technologies can administer individualized lesson sequences that branch and remediate according to student's unique needs, quickly and automatically track progress and generate reports (Peck and Dorricot 11). The Internet provides a communications tool, which can assist students in networking within and between schools. Internet technology permits swift student-to-student communication through relatively inexpensive e-mail. Through the Internet students are also able to find Internet pen pals and experience the world through the vision of other students (Carey 24). The Internet can also be used in cooperation with the library. It can provide students with an enormous and readily accessible database with research materials and therefore may be used to research different topics (Carey 25). Not only can students learn on the Internet, but they can also teach about areas in which they have knowledge and sills. Students have been able to create web pages to display to people all over the world. School newspapers and college web pages can also do the same. These pages can be read anywhere by anyone and has thus provided for greater publication (Carey 25). Although computers and technology provide for much advancement in education, there are some basic problems. These difficulties range from psychological addiction to unethical behavior and inappropriate actions of technology producers and users. As for addiction, some persons are so addicted to its use to the extent that they have actually flunked out of college, lost their marriage partners, become mentally sick, given up their jobs, and decreased their human contracts. Some persons avoid personal contacts by overusing the Internet so to decrease their personal communication with persons. Some have also gone into Internet seclusion, while still taking care of daily routines so failing to work and deal with people. With such addiction there provides no room for advancement in education (Eddy and Spaulding 392). Technology can alter the content of what schoolchildren think about. Many computer experiences for students are through virtual reality and are visually appealing. Students can look at three dimensional animals, such as sharks, seals and whales on their computer screens. But what teachers don't realize is that students get easily engaged in these instances, and only get to see what is on the computer screen and not outside. Instead of being subjected to such images, students must be able to realize that they should take the chance and look at the things outside and not just the through the technological world (Schwarz 79). Computers are also high-maintenance supplies for schools. Unlike books, which represent generally fixed costs, technology requires a significant, continuous monetary input. The useful lifetimes of computers and their software are sometimes measurable in months, not years. Costs for potentially short-lived computer hardware and software quickly become enormous. Also, these costs may be difficult to predict with accuracy as new products are developed (Garrett 114). Many schools have attempted to spend the money, take risks and jump onto the attractive road of technology. Among these schools are the schools in Tasmanian, the Milwaukee Public Schools and Seton Hall. The Tasmanian government has announced that they are buying fourteen thousand computers to ensure that each government school would have at least one modern computer for every five students. The plan is due to take effect during the next three years with a total of forty-nine million dollars being spent. Under the program, every State school will have Internet access and full-time teachers will receive laptop computers. Schools will be cabled to provide high-speed local networks connecting school computers while the use of video conferencing and related technology will be extended to help remote school and professional development (Colman 11). The Milwaukee Public School district just passed a proposal to give laptop computers to twenty-four thousand high school students in their school system. As for funding for this proposal, most money would be raised through public donations. An article in the Business Journal Serving Greater Milwaukee criticized this decision making some very important key points. They stated that the Milwaukee Public School system should worry about their problems basic to education before they should worry about computers. The article stated that too many students cannot read at a sufficient level, lack sufficient math skills, do not show up for class regularly and are dropping out of school. In all the article states, â€Å"Milwaukee Public Schools must first resolve its basic problems before it can even think about throwing cash around for computers that students will take with them when they graduate (Laptop Lunacy 62).† On a similar tract, Seton Hall University has enabled a new program that provides each incoming freshman with a new laptop. This laptop then becomes their responsibility, which they should do most homework on and bring to class daily. Each dormitory and classroom is equipped with hookups for the Internet (Eddy and Spaulding 391). In North Carolina, IBM has even had the privilege of working with educators in Charlotte and Durham on the introduction of an Internet technology that helps parents, students and teachers collaborate together. In the two years it has been in place in Charlotte, parents have found ways to volunteer such as editing the electronic newspaper, teachers have developed web sites for homework assignments and students have begun online discussions of schoolwork (Coggins 54). Working as a computer consultant, I see the impact computers and technology have on each and every student daily. When I work, I see students e-mailing their teachers homework, preparing presentations for class and even finding research without opening a book. And most of this work not only has to be done in the library, but can be carried into the student's dormitories if they would like to work after hours. In all, I believe that technology in education is a good thing. It provides for a greater and more extensive way to research, prepare and work altogether.

Foundation PART IV THE TRADERS

1. TRADERS†¦ and constantly in advance of the political hegemony of the Foundation were the Traders, reaching out tenuous fingerholds through the tremendous distances of the Periphery. Months or years might pass between landings on Terminus; their ships were often nothing more than patchquilts of home-made repairs and improvisations; their honesty was none of the highest; their daring†¦ Through it all they forged an empire more enduring than the pseudo-religious despotism of the Four Kingdoms†¦ Tales without end are told of these massive, lonely figures who bore half-seriously, half-mockingly a motto adopted from one of Salvor Hardin's epigrams, â€Å"Never let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right!† It is difficult now to tell which tales are real and which apocryphal. There are none probably that have not suffered some exaggeration†¦. ENCYCLOPEDIA GALACTICA Limmar Ponyets was completely a-lather when the call reached his receiver which proves that the old bromide about telemessages and the shower holds true even in the dark, hard space of the Galactic Periphery. Luckily that part of a free-lance trade ship which is not given over to miscellaneous merchandise is extremely snug. So much so, that the shower, hot water included, is located in a two-by-four cubby, ten feet from the control panels. Ponyets heard the staccato rattle of the receiver quite plainly. Dripping suds and a growl, he stepped out to adjust the vocal, and three hours later a second trade ship was alongside, and a grinning youngster entered through the air tube between the ships. Ponyets rattled his best chair forward and perched himself on the pilot-swivel. â€Å"What've you been doing, Gorm?† he asked, darkly. â€Å"Chasing me all the way from the Foundation?† Les Gorm broke out a cigarette, and shook his head definitely, â€Å"Me? Not a chance. I'm just a sucker who happened to land on Glyptal IV the day after the mail. So they sent me out after you with this.† The tiny, gleaming sphere changed hands, and Gorm added, â€Å"It's confidential. Super-secret. Can't be trusted to the sub-ether and all that. Or so I gather. At least, it's a Personal Capsule, and won't open for anyone but you.† Ponyets regarded the capsule distastefully, â€Å"I can see that. And I never knew one of these to hold good news, either.† It opened in his hand and the thin, transparent tape unrolled stiffly. His eyes swept the message quickly, for when the last of the tape had emerged, the first was already brown and crinkled. In a minute and a half it had turned black and, molecule by molecule, fallen apart. Ponyets grunted hollowly, â€Å"Oh, Galaxy!† Les Gorm said quietly, â€Å"Can I help somehow? Or is it too secret?† â€Å"It will bear telling, since you're of the Guild. I've got to go to Askone.† â€Å"That place? How come?† â€Å"They've imprisoned a trader. But keep it to yourself.† Gorm's expression jolted into anger, â€Å"Imprisoned! That's against the Convention.† â€Å"So is the interference with local politics.† â€Å"Oh! Is that what he did?† Gorm meditated. â€Å"Who's the trader'? Anyone I know?† â€Å"No!† said Ponyets sharply, and Gorm accepted the implication and asked no further questions. Ponyets was up and staring darkly out the visiplate. He mumbled strong expressions at that part of the misty lens-form that was the body of the Galaxy, then said loudly, â€Å"Damnedest mess! I'm way behind quota.† Light broke on Gorm's intellect, â€Å"Hey, friend, Askone is a closed area.† â€Å"That's right. You can't sell as much as a penknife on Askone. They won't buy nuclear gadgets of any sort. With my quota dead on its feet, it's murder to go there.† â€Å"Can't get out of it?† Ponyets shook his head absently, A know the fellow involved. Can't walk out on a friend. What of it? I am in the hands of the Galactic Spirit and walk cheerfully in the way he points out.† Gorm said blankly, â€Å"Huh?† Ponyets looked at him, and laughed shortly, â€Å"I forgot. You never read the ‘Bood of the Spirit,' did you?† â€Å"Never heard of it,† said Gorm, curtly. â€Å"Well, you would if you'd had a religious training.† â€Å"Religious training? For the priesthood?† Gorm was profoundly shocked. â€Å"Afraid so. It's my dark shame and secret. I was too much for the Reverend Fathers, though, They expelled me, for reasons sufficient to promote me to a secular education under the Foundation. Well, look, I'd better push off. How's your quota this year?† Gorm crushed out his cigarette and adjusted his cap, â€Å"I've got my last cargo going now. I'll make it.† â€Å"Lucky fellow,† gloomed Ponyets, and for many minutes after Les Gorm left, he sat in motionless reverie. So Eskel Gorov was on Askone and in prison as well! That was bad! In fact, considerably worse than it might appear. It was one thing to tell a curious youngster a diluted version of the business to throw him off and send him about his own. It was a thing of a different sort to face the truth. For Limmar Ponyets was one of the few people who happened to know that Master Trader Eskel Gorov was not a trader at all; but that entirely different thing, an agent of the Foundation! 2. Two weeks gone! Two weeks wasted. One week to reach Askone, at the extreme borders of which the vigilant warships speared out to meet him in converging numbers. Whatever their detection system was, it worked and well. They sidled him in slowly, without a signal, maintaining their cold distance, and pointing him harshly towards the central sun of Askone. Ponyets could have handled them at a pinch. Those ships were holdovers from the dead-and-gone Galactic Empire but they were sports cruisers, not warships; and without nuclear weapons, they were so many picturesque and impotent ellipsoids. But Eskel Gorov was a prisoner in their hands, and Gorov was not a hostage to lose. The Askonians must know that. And then another week a week to wind a weary way through the clouds of minor officials that formed the buffer between the Grand Master and the outer world. Each little sub-secretary required soothing and conciliation. Each required careful and nauseating milking for the flourishing signature that was the pathway to the next official one higher up. For the first time, Ponyets found his trader's identification papers useless. I Now, at last, the Grand Master was on the other side of the Guard-flanked gilded door and two weeks had gone. Gorov was still a prisoner and Ponyets' cargo rotted useless in the holds of his ship. The Grand Master was a small man; a small man with a balding head and very wrinkled face, whose body seemed weighed down to motionlessness by the huge, glossy fur collar about his neck. His fingers moved on either side, and the line of armed men backed away to for a passage, along which Ponyets strode to the foot of the Chair of State. â€Å"Don't speak,† snapped the Grand Master, and Ponyets' opening lips closed tightly. â€Å"That's right,† the Askonian ruler relaxed visibly, â€Å"I can't endure useless chatter. You cannot threaten and I won't abide flattery. Nor is there room for injured complaints. I have lost count of the times you wanderers have been warned that your devil's machines are not wanted anywhere in Askone.† â€Å"Sir,† said Ponyets, quietly, â€Å"there is no attempt to justify the trader in question. It is not the policy of traders to intrude where they are not wanted. But the Galaxy is great, and it has happened before that a boundary has been trespassed unwittingly. It was a deplorable mistake.† â€Å"Deplorable, certainly,† squeaked the Grand Master. â€Å"But mistake? Your people on Glyptal IV have been bombarding me with pleas for negotiation since two hours after the sacrilegious wretch was seized. I have been warned by them of your own coming many times over. It seems a well-organized rescue campaign. Much seems to have been anticipated a little too much for mistakes, deplorable or otherwise.† The Askonian's black eyes were scornful. He raced on, â€Å"And are you traders, flitting from world to world like mad little butterflies, so mad in your own right that you can land on Askone's largest world, in the center of its system, and consider it an unwitting boundary mixup? Come, surely not.† Ponyets winced without showing it. He said, doggedly, â€Å"If the attempt to trade was deliberate, your Veneration, it was most injudicious and contrary to the strictest regulations of our Guild.† â€Å"Injudicious, yes,† said the Askonian, curtly. â€Å"So much so, that your comrade is likely to lose life in payment.† Ponyets' stomach knotted. There was no irresolution there. He said, â€Å"Death, your Veneration, is so absolute and irrevocable a phenomenon that certainly there must be some alternative.† There was a pause before the guarded answer came, â€Å"I have heard that the Foundation is rich.† â€Å"Rich? Certainly. But our riches are that which you refuse to take. Our nuclear goods are worth† â€Å"Your goods are worthless in that they lack the ancestral blessing. Your goods are wicked and accursed in that they lie under the ancestral interdict.† The sentences were intoned; the recitation of a formula. The Grand Master's eyelids dropped, and he said with meaning, â€Å"You have nothing else of value?† The meaning was lost on the trader, â€Å"I don't understand. What is it you want?† The Askonian's hands spread apart, â€Å"You ask me to trade places with you, and make known to you my wants. I think not. Your colleague, it seems, must suffer the punishment set for sacrilege by the Askonian code. Death by gas. We are a just people. The poorest peasant, in like case, would suffer no more. I, myself, would suffer no less.† Ponyets mumbled hopelessly, â€Å"Your Veneration, would it be permitted that I speak to the prisoner?† â€Å"Askonian law,† said the Grand Master coldly, â€Å"allows no communication with a condemned man.† Mentally, Ponyets held his breath, â€Å"Your Veneration, I ask you to be merciful towards a man's soul, in the hour when his body stands forfeit. He has been separated from spiritual consolation in all the time that his life has been in danger. Even now, he faces the prospect of going unprepared to the bosom of the Spirit that rules all.† The Grand Master said slowly and suspiciously, â€Å"You are a Tender of the Soul?† Ponyets dropped a humble head, â€Å"I have been so trained. In the empty expanses of space, the wandering traders need men like myself to care for the spiritual side of a life so given over to commerce and worldly pursuits.† The Askonian ruler sucked thoughtfully at his lower lip. â€Å"Every man should prepare his soul for his journey to his ancestral spirits. Yet I had never thought you traders to be believers.† 3. Eskel Gorov stirred on his couch and opened one eye as Limmar Ponyets entered the heavily reinforced door. It boomed shut behind him. Gorov sputtered and came to his feet. â€Å"Ponyets! They sent you?† â€Å"Pure chance,† said Ponyets, bitterly, â€Å"or the work of my own personal malevolent demon. Item one, you get into a mess on Askone. Item two, my sales route, as known to the Board of Trade, carries me within fifty parsecs of the system at just the time of item one. Item three, we've worked together before and the Board knows it. Isn't that a sweet, inevitable set-up? The answer just pops out of a slot.† â€Å"Be careful,† said Gorov, tautly. â€Å"There'll be someone listening. Are you wearing a Field Distorter?† Ponyets indicated the ornamented bracelet that hugged his wrist and Gorov relaxed. Ponyets looked about him. The cell was bare, but large. It was well-lit and it lacked offensive odors. He said, â€Å"Not bad. They're treating you with kid gloves.† Gorov brushed the remark aside, â€Å"Listen, how did you get down here? I've been in strict solitary for almost two weeks.† â€Å"Ever since I came, huh? Well, it seems the old bird who's boss here has his weak points. He leans toward pious speeches, so I took a chance that worked. I'm here in the capacity of your spiritual adviser. There's something about a pious man such as he. He will cheerfully cut your throat if it suits him, but he will hesitate to endanger the welfare of your immaterial and problematical soul. It's just a piece of empirical psychology. A trader has to know a little of everything.† Gorov's smile was sardonic, â€Å"And you've been to theological school as well. You're all right, Ponyets. I'm glad they sent you. But the Grand Master doesn't love my soul exclusively. Has he mentioned a ransom?† The trader's eyes narrowed, â€Å"He hinted barely. And he also threatened death by gas. I played safe, and dodged; it might easily have been a trap. So it's extortion, is it? What is it he wants?† â€Å"Gold.† â€Å"Gold!† Ponyets frowned. â€Å"The metal itself? What for?† â€Å"It's their medium of exchange.† â€Å"Is it? And where do I get gold from?† â€Å"Wherever you can. Listen to me; this is important. Nothing will happen to me as long as the Grand Master has the scent of gold in his nose. Promise it to him; as much as he asks for. Then go back to the Foundation, if necessary, to get it. When I'm free, we'll be escorted out of the system, and then we part company.† Ponyets stared disapprovingly, â€Å"And then you'll come back and try again.† â€Å"It's my assignment to sell nucleics to Askone.† â€Å"They'll get you before you've gone a parsec in space. You know that, I suppose.† â€Å"I don't,† said Gorov. â€Å"And if I did, it wouldn't affect things.† â€Å"They'll kill you the second time.† Gorov shrugged. Ponyets said quietly, â€Å"If I'm going to negotiate with the Grand Master again, I want to know the whole story. So far, I've been working it too blind. As it was, the few mild remarks I did make almost threw his Veneration into fits.† â€Å"It's simple enough,† said Gorov. â€Å"The only way we can increase the security of the Foundation here in the Periphery is to form a religion-controlled commercial empire. We're still too weak to be able to force political control. It's all we can do to hold the Four Kingdoms.† Ponyets was nodding. â€Å"This I realize. And any system that doesn't accept nuclear gadgets can never be placed under our religious control† â€Å"And can therefore become a focal point for independence and hostility. Yes.† â€Å"All right, then,† said Ponyets, â€Å"so much for theory. Now what exactly prevents the sale. Religion? The Grand Master implied as much.† â€Å"It's a form of ancestor worship. Their traditions tell of an evil past from which they were saved by the simple and virtuous heroes of the past generations. It amounts to a distortion of the anarchic period a century ago, when the imperial troops were driven out and an independent government was set up. Advanced science and nuclear power in particular became identified with the old imperial regime they remember with horror.† â€Å"That so? But they have nice little ships which spotted me very handily two parsecs away. That smells of nucleics to me.† Gorov shrugged. â€Å"Those ships are holdovers of the Empire, no doubt. Probably with nuclear drive. What they have, they keep. The point is that they will not innovate and their internal economy is entirely non-nuclear. That is what we must change.† â€Å"How were you going to do it?† â€Å"By breaking the resistance at one point. To put it simply, if I could sell a penknife with a force-field blade to a nobleman, it would be to his interest to force laws that would allow him to use it. Put that baldly, it sounds silly, but it is sound, psychologically. To make strategic sales, at strategic points, would be to create a pro-nucleics faction at court.† â€Å"And they send you for that purpose, while I'm only here to ransom you and leave, while you keep on trying? Isn't that sort of tail-backward?† â€Å"In what way?† said Gorov, guardedly. â€Å"Listen,† Ponyets was suddenly exasperated, â€Å"you're a diplomat, not a trader, and calling you a trader won't make you one. This case is for one who's made a business of selling and I'm here with a full cargo stinking into uselessness, and a quota that won't ever be met, it looks like.† â€Å"You mean you're going to risk your life on something that isn't your business?† Gorov smiled thinly. Ponyets said, â€Å"You mean that this is a matter of patriotism and traders aren't patriotic?† â€Å"Notoriously not. Pioneers never are.† â€Å"All right. I'll grant that. I don't scoot about space to save the Foundation or anything like that. But I'm out to make money, and this is my chance. If it helps the Foundation at the same time, all the better. And I've risked my life on slimmer chances.† Ponyets rose, and Gorov rose with him, â€Å"What are you going to do?† The trader smiled, â€Å"Gorov, I don't know not yet. But if the crux of the matter is to make a sale, then I'm your man. I'm not a boaster as a general thing, but there's one thing I'll always back up. I've never ended up below quota yet.† The door to the cell opened almost instantly when he knocked, and two guards fell in on either side. 4. â€Å"A show!† said the Grand Master, grimly. He settled himself well into his furs, and one thin hand grasped the iron cudgel he used as a cane. â€Å"And gold, your Veneration.† â€Å"And gold,† agreed the Grand Master, carelessly. Ponyets set the box down and opened it with as fine an appearance of confidence as he could manage. He felt alone in the face of universal hostility; the way he had felt out in space his first year. The semicircle of bearded councilors who faced him down, stared unpleasantly. Among them was Pherl, the thin-faced favorite who sat next to the Grand Master in stiff hostility. Ponyets had met him once already and marked him immediately as prime enemy, and, as a consequence, prime victim. Outside the hall, a small army awaited events. Ponyets was effectively isolated from his ship; he lacked any weapon, but his attempted bribe; and Gorov was still a hostage. He made the final adjustments on the clumsy monstrosity that had cost him a week of ingenuity, and prayed once again that the lead-lined quartz would stand the strain. â€Å"What is it?† asked the Grand Master. â€Å"This,† said Ponyets, stepping back, â€Å"is a small device I have constructed myself.† â€Å"That is obvious, but it is not the information I want. Is it one of the black-magic abominations of your world?† â€Å"It is nuclear in nature, admitted Ponyets, gravely, â€Å"but none of you need touch it, or have anything to do with it. It is for myself alone, and if it contains abominations, I take the foulness of it upon myself.† The Grand Master had raised his iron cane at the machine in a threatening gesture and his lips moved rapidly and silently in a purifying invocation. The thin-faced councilor at his right leaned towards him and his straggled red mustache approached the Grand Master's ear. The ancient Askonian petulantly shrugged himself free. â€Å"And what is the connection of your instrument of evil and the gold that may save your countryman's life?† â€Å"With this machine,† began Ponyets, as his hand dropped softly onto the central chamber and caressed its hard, round flanks, â€Å"I can turn the iron you discard into gold of the finest quality. It is the only device known to man that will take iron the ugly iron, your Veneration, that props up the chair you sit in and the walls of this building and change it to shining, heavy, yellow gold.† Ponyets felt himself botching it. His usual sales talk was smooth, facile and plausible; but this limped like a shot-up space wagon. But it was the content, not the form, that interested the Grand Master. â€Å"So? Transmutation? Men have been fools who have claimed the ability. They have paid for their prying sacrilege.† â€Å"Had they succeeded?† â€Å"No.† The Grand Master seemed coldly amused. â€Å"Success at producing gold would have been a crime that carried its own antidote. It is the attempt plus the failure that is fatal. Here, what can you do with my staff?† He pounded the floor with it. â€Å"Your Veneration will excuse me. My device is a small model, prepared by myself, and your staff is too long.† The Grand Master's small shining eye wandered and stopped, â€Å"Randel, your buckles. Come, man, they shall be replaced double if need be.† The buckles passed down the line, hand to hand. The Grand Master weighed them thoughtfully. â€Å"Here,† he said, and threw them to the floor. Ponyets picked them up. He tugged hard before the cylinder opened, and his eyes blinked and squinted with effort as he centered the buckles carefully on the anode screen. Later, it would be easier but there must be no failures the first time. The homemade transmuter crackled malevolently for ten minutes while the odor of ozone became faintly present. The Askonians backed away, muttering, and again Pherl whispered urgently into his ruler's ear. The Grand Master's expression was stony. He did not budge. And the buckles were gold. Ponyets held them out to the Grand Master with a murmured, â€Å"Your Veneration!† but the old man hesitated, then gestured them away. His stare lingered upon the transmuter. Ponyets said rapidly, â€Å"Gentlemen, this is pure gold. Gold through and through. You may subject it to every known physical and chemical test, if you wish to prove the point. It cannot be identified from naturally-occurring gold in any way. Any iron can be so treated. Rust will not interfere, not will a moderate amount of alloying metals† But Ponyets spoke only to fill a vacuum. He let the buckles remain in his outstretched hand, and it was the gold that argued for him. The Grand Master stretched out a slow hand at last, and the thin-faced Pherl was roused to open speech. â€Å"Your Veneration, the gold is from a poisoned source.† And Ponyets countered, â€Å"A rose can grow from the mud, your Veneration. In your dealings with your neighbors, you buy material of all imaginable variety, without inquiring as to where they get it, whether from an orthodox machine blessed by your benign ancestors or from some space-spawned outrage. Come, I don't offer the machine. I offer the gold.† â€Å"Your Veneration,† said Pherl, â€Å"you are not responsible for the sins of foreigners who work neither with your consent nor knowledge. But to accept this strange pseudo-gold made sinfully from iron in your presence and with your consent is an affront to the living spirits of our holy ancestors.† â€Å"Yet gold is gold,† said the Grand Master, doubtfully, â€Å"and is but an exchange for the heathen person of a convicted felon. Pherl, you are too critical.† But he withdrew his hand. Ponyets said, â€Å"You are wisdom, itself, your Veneration. Consider to give up a heathen is to lose nothing for your ancestors, whereas with the gold you get in exchange you can ornament the shrines of their holy spirits. And surely, were gold evil in itself, if such, a thing could be, the evil would depart of necessity once the metal were put to such pious use.† â€Å"Now by the bones of my grandfather,† said the Grand Master with surprising vehemence. His lips separated in a shrill laugh, â€Å"Pherl, what do you say of this young man? The statement is valid. It is as valid as the words of my ancestors.† Pherl said gloomily, â€Å"So it would seem. Grant that the validity does not turn out to be a device of the Malignant Spirit.† â€Å"I'll make it even better,† said Ponyets, suddenly. â€Å"Hold the gold in hostage. Place it on the altars of your ancestors as an offering and hold me for thirty days. If at the end of that time, there is no evidence of displeasure if no disasters occur surely, it would be proof that the offering was accepted. What more can be offered?† And when the Grand Master rose to his feet to search out disapproval, not a man in the council failed to signal his agreement. Even Pherl chewed the ragged end of his mustache and nodded curtly. Ponyets smiled and meditated on the uses of a religious education. 5. Another week rubbed away before the meeting with Pherl was arranged. Ponyets felt the tension, but he was used to the feeling of physical helplessness now. He had left city limits under guard. He was in Pherl's suburban villa under guard. There was nothing to do but accept it without even looking over his shoulder. Pherl was taller and younger outside the circle of Elders. In nonformal costume, he seemed no Elder at all. He said abruptly, â€Å"You're a peculiar man.† His close-set eyes seemed to quiver. â€Å"You've done nothing this last week, and particularly these last two hours, but imply that I need gold. It seems useless labor, for who does not? Why not advance one step?† â€Å"It is not simply gold,† said Ponyets, discreetly. â€Å"Not simply gold. Not merely a coin or two. It is rather all that lies behind gold.† â€Å"Now what can lie behind gold?† prodded Pherl, with a down-curved smile. â€Å"Certainly this is not the preliminary of another clumsy demonstration.† â€Å"Clumsy?† Ponyets frowned slightly. â€Å"Oh, definitely.† Pherl folded his hands and nudged them gently with his chin. â€Å"I don't criticize you. The clumsiness was on purpose, I am sure. I might have warned his Veneration of that, had I been certain of the motive. Now had I been you, I would have produced the gold upon my ship, and offered it alone. The show you offered us and the antagonism you aroused would have been dispensed with.† â€Å"True,† Ponyets admitted, â€Å"but since I was myself, I accepted the antagonism for the sake of attracting your attention.† â€Å"Is that it? Simply that?† Pherl made no effort to hide his contemptuous amusement. â€Å"And I imagine you suggested the thirty-day purification period that you might assure yourself time to turn the attraction into something a bit more substantial. But what if the gold turns out to be impure?† Ponyets allowed himself a dark humor in return, â€Å"When the judgement of that impurity depends upon those who are most interested in finding it pure?† Pherl lifted his eyes and stared narrowly at the trader. He seemed at once surprised and satisfied. â€Å"A sensible point. Now tell me why you wished to attract me.† â€Å"This I will do. In the short time I have been here, I have observed useful facts that concern you and interest me. For instance, you are young-very young for a member of the council, and even of a relatively young family.† â€Å"You criticize my family?† â€Å"Not at all. Your ancestors are great and holy; all will admit that. But there are those that say you are not a member of one of the Five Tribes.† Pherl leaned back, â€Å"With all respect to those involved,† and he did not hide his venom, â€Å"the Five Tribes have impoverished loins and thin blood. Not fifty members of the Tribes are alive.† â€Å"Yet there are those who say the nation would not be willing to see any man outside the Tribes as Grand Master. And so young and newly-advanced a favorite of the Grand Master is bound to make powerful enemies among the great ones of the State it is said. His Veneration is aging and his protection will not last past his death, when it is an enemy of yours who will undoubtedly be the one to interpret the words of his Spirit.† Pherl scowled, â€Å"For a foreigner you hear much. Such ears are made for cropping.† â€Å"That may be decided later.† â€Å"Let me anticipate.† Pherl stirred impatiently in his seat. â€Å"You're going to offer me wealth and power in terms of those evil little machines you carry in your ship. Well?† â€Å"Suppose it so. What would be your objection? Simply your standard of good and evil?† Pherl shook his head. â€Å"Not at all. Look, my Outlander, your opinion of us in your heathen agnosticism is what it is but I am not the entire slave of our mythology, though I may appear so. I am an educated man, sir, and, I hope, an enlightened one. The full depth of our religious customs, in the ritualistic rather than the ethical sense, is for the masses.† â€Å"Your objection, then?† pressed Ponyets, gently. â€Å"Just that. The masses. I might be willing to deal with you, but your little machines must be used to be useful. How might riches come to me, if I had to use what is it you sell? well, a razor, for instance, only in the strictest, trembling secrecy. Even if my chin were more simply and more cleanly shaven, how would I become rich? And how would I avoid death by gas chamber or mob frightfulness if I were ever once caught using it?† Ponyets shrugged, â€Å"You are correct. I might point out that the remedy would be to educate your own people into the use of nucleics for their convenience and your own substantial profit. It would be a gigantic piece of work; I don't deny it; but the returns would be still more gigantic. Still that is your concern, and, at the moment, not mine at all. For I offer neither razor, knife, nor mechanical garbage disposer.† â€Å"What do you offer?† â€Å"Gold itself. Directly. You may have the machine I demonstrated last week.† And now Pherl stiffened and the skin on his forehead moved jerkily. â€Å"The transmuter?† â€Å"Exactly. Your supply of gold will equal your supply of iron. That, I imagine, is sufficient for all needs. Sufficient for the Grand Mastership itself, despite youth and enemies. And it is safe.† â€Å"In what way?† â€Å"In that secrecy is the essence of its use; that same secrecy you described as the only safety with regard to nucleics. You may bury the transmuter in the deepest dungeon of the strongest fortress on your furthest estate, and it will still bring you instant wealth. It is the gold you buy, not the machine, and that gold bears no trace of its manufacture, for it cannot be told from the natural creation.† â€Å"And who is to operate the machine?† â€Å"Yourself. Five minutes teaching is all you will require. I'll set it up for you wherever you wish.† â€Å"And in return?† â€Å"Well,† Ponyets grew cautious. â€Å"I ask a price and a handsome one. It is my living. Let us say, for it its a valuable machine the equivalent of a cubic foot of gold in wrought iron.† Pherl laughed, and Ponyets grew red. â€Å"I point out, sir,† he added, stiffly, â€Å"that you can get your price back in two hours.† â€Å"True, and in one hour, you might be gone, and my machine might suddenly turn out to be useless. I'll need a guarantee.† â€Å"You have my word.† â€Å"A very good one,† Pherl bowed sardonically, â€Å"but your presence would be an even better assurance. I'll give you my word to pay you one week after delivery in working order.† â€Å"Impossible.† â€Å"Impossible? When you've already incurred the death penalty very handily by even offering to sell me anything. The only alternative is my word that you'll get the gas chamber tomorrow otherwise.† Ponyet's face was expressionless, but his eyes might have flickered. He said, â€Å"It is an unfair advantage. You will at least put your promise in writing?† â€Å"And also become liable for execution? No, sir!† Pherl smiled a broad satisfaction. â€Å"No, sir! Only one of us is a fool.† The trader said in a small voice, â€Å"It is agreed, then.† 6. Gorov was released on the thirtieth day, and five hundred pounds of the yellowest gold took his place. And with him was released the quarantined and untouched abomination that was his ship. Then, as on the journey into the Askonian system, so on the journey out, the cylinder of sleek little ships ushered them on their way. Ponyets watched the dimly sun-lit speck that was Gorov's ship while Gorov's voice pierced through to him, clear and thin on the tight, distortion-bounded ether-beam. He was saying, â€Å"But it isn't what's wanted, Ponyets. A transmuter won't do. Where did you get one, anyway?† â€Å"I didn't,† Ponyets answer was patient. â€Å"I juiced it up out of a food irradiation chamber. It isn't any good, really. The power consumption is prohibitive on any large scale or the Foundation would use transmutation instead of chasing all over the Galaxy for heavy metals. It's one of the standard tricks every trader uses, except that I never saw an iron-to-gold one before. But it's impressive, and it works very temporarily.† â€Å"All right. But that particular trick is no good.† â€Å"It got you out of a nasty spot.† â€Å"That is very far from the point. Especially since I've got to go back, once we shake our solicitous escort.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"You yourself explained it to this politician of yours,† Gorov's voice was on edge. â€Å"Your entire sales-point rested on the fact that the transmuter was a means to an end, but of no value in itself, that he was buying the gold, not the machine. It was good psychology, since it worked, but† â€Å"But?† Ponyets urged blandly and obtusely. The voice from the receiver grew shriller, â€Å"But we want to sell them a machine of value in itself, something they would want to use openly; something that would tend to force them out in favor of nuclear techniques as a matter of self-interest.† â€Å"I understand all that,† said Ponyets, gently. â€Å"You once explained it. But look at what follows from my sale, will you? As long as that transmuter lasts, Pherl will coin gold; and it will last long enough to buy him the next election. The present Grand Master won't last long.† â€Å"You count on gratitude?† asked Gorov, coldly. â€Å"No on intelligent self-interest. The transmuter gets him an election; other mechanisms† â€Å"No! No! Your premise is twisted. It's not the transmuter, he'll credit it'll be the good, old-fashioned gold. That's what I'm trying to tell you.† Ponyets grinned and shifted into a more comfortable position. All right. He'd baited the poor fellow sufficiently. Gorov was beginning to sound wild. The trader said, â€Å"Not so fast, Gorov. I haven't finished. There are other gadgets already involved.† There was a short silence. Then, Gorov's voice sounded cautiously, â€Å"What other gadgets?† Ponyets gestured automatically and uselessly, â€Å"You see that escort?† â€Å"I do,† said Gorov shortly. â€Å"Tell me about those gadgets.† â€Å"I will, ?if you'll listen. That's Pherl's private navy escorting us; a special honor to him from the Grand Master. He managed to squeeze that out.† â€Å"So?† â€Å"And where do you think he's taking us? To his mining estates on the outskirts of Askone, that's where. Listen!† Ponyets was suddenly fiery, â€Å"I told you I was in this to make money, not to save worlds. All right. I sold that transmuter for nothing. Nothing except the risk of the gas chamber and that doesn't count towards the quota.† â€Å"Get back to the mining estates, Ponyets. Where do they come in?† â€Å"With the profits. We're stacking up on tin, Gorov. Tin to fill every last cubic foot this old scow can scrape up, and then some more for yours. I'm going down with Pherl to collect, old man, and you're going to cover me from upstairs with every gun you've got just in case Pherl isn't as sporting about the matter as he lets on to be. That tin's my profit.† â€Å"For the transmuter?† â€Å"For my entire cargo of nucleics. At double price, plus a bonus.† He shrugged, almost apologetically. â€Å"I admit I gouged him, but I've got to make quota, don't I?† Gorov was evidently lost. He said, weakly, â€Å"Do you mind explaining'?† â€Å"What's there to explain? It's obvious, Gorov. Look, the clever dog thought he had me in a foolproof trap, because his word was worth more than mine to the Grand Master. He took the transmuter. That was a capital crime in Askone. But at any time he could say that he had lured me on into a trap with the purest of patriotic motives, and denounce me as a seller of forbidden things.† â€Å"That was obvious.† â€Å"Sure, but word against simple word wasn't all there was to it. You see, Pherl had never heard nor conceived of a microfilm-recorder.† Gorov laughed suddenly. â€Å"That's right,† said Ponyets. â€Å"He had the upper hand. I was properly chastened. But when I set up the transmuter for him in my whipped-dog fashion, I incorporated the recorder into the device and removed it in the next day's overhaul. I had a perfect record of his sanctum sanctorum, his holy-of-holies, with he himself, poor Pherl, operating the transmuter for all the ergs it had and crowing over his first piece of gold as if it were an egg he had just laid.† â€Å"You showed him the results?† â€Å"Two days later. The poor sap had never seen three-dimensional color-sound images in his life. He claims he isn't superstitious, but if I ever saw an adult look as scared as he did then, call me rookie. When I told him I had a recorder planted in the city square, set to go off at midday with a million fanatical Askonians to watch, and to tear him to pieces subsequently, he was gibbering at my knees in half a second. He was ready to make any deal I wanted.† â€Å"Did you?† Gorov's voice was suppressing laughter. â€Å"I mean, have one planted in the city square.† â€Å"No, but that didn't matter. He made the deal. He bought every gadget I had, and every one you had for as much tin as we could carry. At that moment, he believed me capable of anything. The agreement is in writing and you'll have a copy before I go down with him, just as another precaution.† â€Å"But you've damaged his ego,† said Gorov. â€Å"Will he use the gadgets?† â€Å"Why not? It's his only way of recouping his losses, and if he makes money out of it, he'll salve his pride. And he will be the next Grand Master and the best man we could have in our favor.† â€Å"Yes,† said Gorov, â€Å"it was a good sale. Yet you've certainly got an uncomfortable sales technique. No wonder you were kicked out of a seminary. Have you no sense of morals?† â€Å"What are the odds?† said Ponyets, indifferently. â€Å"You know what Salvor Hardin said about a sense of morals.†

Employee Relations Essay Example

Employee Relations Essay Example Employee Relations Paper Employee Relations Paper The Unitary perspective views the organisation as a team unified by a common purpose (Fox, 1996: 2), namely the success of the organisation. This perspective views all the people in the organisation as part of one big team. Unitarists view everyone within the organisation as part of one team with one loyalty structure. This immediately says that there are no barriers between different groups and departments which could lead to poor communication and animosity, which would go against the notion of common values and common goals as that would not be advantageous to the common goal, of the success of the organisation. The set of common goals and values that are put in place are there to try to create and maintain the order within the organisation, the common set of values and goals are important so that all of the employees are working in unison. This is important as it makes employees at the bottom of the organisation feel valued too as they have the same set of values and goals to achieve as the people at the top of the organisation. Unitarists believe that the sectional interest of the employees is important too however they are very much secondary to the general profitability and the success of the organisation. They see the states as an external agency which they can take their beliefs into. This means they that they believe the notion of the common values and goals should not be confined to organisations but to the nation so that we all have a set of common values which are in the national interest. One of the main factors for conflict within the organisation is the lack of communication and Unitarists see this as dysfunctional and counterproductive. The Unitarists believe that conflict is not inherent in employee relations as it does not make good sense for the organisation. They see conflict as an opposite to what they stand for because it is not structural and not organised, they see it as frictional as it can cause rifts and create different sub-cultures within an organisation which goes against their notion of the whole organisation working together as members of one team. Trade unions can also be seen a potential source of conflict as they are an external factor which are an intrusion to the organisation. They are viewed as not necessary within the organisation as they can create an alternative misplaced focus for some employees. The employee may see the trade union as part of the organisation thus placing their loyalty with them also, which could be tested if the trade union we unhappy with something and chose to strike. For this reason they are seen as an unnecessary external factor. The Pluralist perspective is just as the name suggests, they see organisations as constellations of different groups. The organisation is seen as multi-structured in terms of groups, leadership, authority and loyalty. A miniature democratic state composed of sectional groups with divergent interests over which the government tries to maintain some kind of dynamic equilibrium. The main groups within this perspective that find themselves at the opposite ends of the scales often are the workers and managers. This can be down to a number of issues such as pay, working conditions, bonuses and working hours and it is over issues like these that conflict often occurs. Pluralists believe that the interests of their employees compete with the organisations interest as there are always tensions over the price of labour and the levels of taxation. Trade unions are seen as helpful as they are seen as reflecting and regulation emergent conflicts between employees and the employer and they also help to defend the position of the employees so on their behalf at least they are seen as legitimate. The Pluralist view of conflict differs vastly to that of the Unitarists who believe that conflict is fractural, not structural and avoidable, the Pluralists believe the conflict is inherent within the employee relationship. They believe this because they acknowledge the differences between different employees and different groups within the organisation. Whereas Unitarists try to make the whole organisation into one team Pluralists acknowledge the different groups within an organisation and understand that at times they will not see eye to eye and their interest may differ. The answer to this conflict is to for the different employees and groups to not dwell on the problems and concentrate on resolving their differences and work together for the good of the business. This is how Pluralist try to maintain the order, with the management of conflict in place of trying to pretend it doesnt exist or giving up on trying to resolve it, like Unitarists and Marxists. Pluralists see conflict as something constructive on occasions as it can indicate times when things need to be changed in the organisation and it can indicate differences that need to be resolved. The Marxists perspective is one based on conflict. Industrial and employee relations can only be understood as part of a roader analysis of (capitalist) society. In contrast to any implicit or explicit assumptions about a balance of power in the industry, Marxists emphasise the asymmetry of power between the employer and employee. Marxists see the role of employees as sellers of their labour and employers as exploiters of that labour. The whole Marxist perspective is based on the proletariat and the bourgeoisie and how the bourgeoisie have with the help of capitalism kept the proletariat down. The different firms in an organisation are a reflection of society and the class divide. Marxist believe there are structured inequalities within organisations that are there to maintain the status quo and that any worker resistance is systematically suppressed by the powers of the state. The interests of the employees conflict with the employer, even the managers who perceive themselves as higher up than the workers and identify with the employers in fact they seen in the same light as the workers at the bottom Marxists believe. Trade unions are seen as a product of class conflict and are locked in antagonistic co-operation (Hyman) with capitalism. There is little need for order within the Marxist perspective as the conflict is structural and is necessary to that end they believe conflict and constant and is inherent within the employee relationship, more so than the Pluralists. They see conflict as endemic and ultimately inevitable and any type of management, team working or resolution of hostilities is just a temporary fix. Ultimately Marxists believe the only way resolve the conflict would be the abolition of capitalism. The Marxist view on the state is that it is an agent of capitalism and acts in its interest, as the organisations who are profitable are good for the economy as they are paying taxes and as long as they are doing that they maintain the status quo and the state will not want to change anything for fears of a revolution. In conclusion conflict within the employee relationship can be inherent dependant upon your view point. Unitarists believe that conflict is non structural and frictional and try to limit it, however the conflict could occur within the actually employee as they may feel they have to ignore or keep quiet about things which may harm the togetherness of the employees. The Unitarist perspective can be seen as a perspective with an omnipotent management who exercise total and unilateral control of an organisation through stereotypical integration of unilateral management control of employment relationship. Unitarist see employee relations as a very important aspect. At the other end of the scale the Marxist perspective is a broad theory that blames society and capitalism for the conflict within the employee relationship through structured inequalities and the glass ceiling. They see the field of employee relations as a waste of time because in fact there is no relations as the workers are just being exploited by the employers, the state and capitalism. Many disregard the Marxist perspective as it is a very old theory and believe it to have been more meaningful during the industrial revolution, although it still does have a strong following by workers who feel suppressed by work and the state. The Pluralist perspective in some regards sits in the middle of the Unitarists and Marxists perspectives as it does believe that conflict is inherent in the employment relationship however it believes that the conflict can be resolved by management. This may be the best compromise as many organisations use the pluralist perspective over the ideal Unitarist perspective and the conflict driven Marxist perspective.

Advantages of large-corporation Essay Example

Advantages of large Advantages of large-corporation Essay Advantages of large-corporation Essay As the world has become more globalized, more Americans work for multinational organizations. Working for a global company provides some advantages to you relative to working for a domestic business, but it may also lead to some challenges. While each global company is different, it helps to weigh the pros and cons of a global culture before accepting a Job with a multinational enterprise. Career Opportunities Working for a larger company offers more Job opportunities. But a multinational ompany provides access to Jobs around the world, in many cases. A marketing professional may have the opportunity to transfer to positions in Europe, Asia or other locations where the company has offices. Certain Jobs are also available in an MNE that dont exist in domestic companies. Translators, international sales representatives and foreign division management positions are examples. Diversity Naturally, the level of appreciation you have for diversity impacts whether you view a diverse workforce as a plus or minus. But multinational environments typically give you a broader experience working with people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, especially if you travel or work with colleagues in different parts of the world. You get a chance to learn different cultures and different perspectives as you experience diversity over time. Organizational Culture Obstacles Organizational culture includes the shared norms and values in a company that impact the overall morale of the workforce. While global companies can certainly ave a positive culture, building shared values becomes much more challenging with a workforce spread across multiple countries. Peoples backgrounds often influence their values. The U. S. tends to have a strong time orientation, but Latin cultures often promote relationships and flexibility over time orientation. Such differences can create conflicts among workers and make it difficult for human resources to implement effective culture-building systems. Conflicts and Job Challenges Many employees in a global company have professional peers and even epartmental colleagues based in different countries. Marketing professionals might collaborate with peers in each country, for instance. This setup can increase the propensity for interpersonal and team conflicts. Conversations and collaboration often take place through technology, which can slow the pace of interaction and lead to contextual misunderstandings in communication. You might have to wait to get response or feedback on a global marketing campaign. advantages of large-corporation By kioto

Glycoprotein Definition and Function

Glycoprotein Definition and Function A glycoprotein is a type of protein molecule that has had a carbohydrate attached to it. The process either occurs during protein translation or as a posttranslational modification in a process called glycosylation. The carbohydrate is an oligosaccharide chain (glycan) that is covalently bonded to the polypeptide side chains of the protein. Because of the -OH groups of sugars, glycoproteins are more hydrophilic than simple proteins. This means glycoproteins are more attracted to water than ordinary proteins. The hydrophilic nature of the molecule also leads to the characteristic folding of the proteins tertiary structure. The carbohydrate is a short molecule, often branched, and may consist of: simple sugars (e.g., glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose)amino sugars (sugars that have an amino group, such as N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine)acidic sugars (sugars that have a carboxyl group, such as sialic acid or N-acetylneuraminic acid) O-Linked and N-Linked Glycoproteins Glycoproteins are categorized according to the attachment site of the carbohydrate to an amino acid in the protein. O-linked glycoproteins are ones in which the carbohydrate bonds to the oxygen atom (O) of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the R group of either the amino acid threonine or serine. O-linked carbohydrates may also bond to hydroxylysine or hydroxyproline. The process is termed O-glycosylation. O-linked glycoproteins are bound to sugar within the Golgi complex.N-linked glycoproteins have a carbohydrate bonded to the nitrogen (N) of the  amino group (-NH2) of the R group of the amino acid asparagine. The R group is usually the amide side chain of asparagine. The bonding process is called N-glycosylation. N-linked glycoproteins gain their sugar from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and then are transported to the Golgi complex for modification. While O-linked and N-linked glycoproteins are the most common forms, other connections are also possible: P-glycosylation occurs when the sugar attaches to the phosphorus of phosphoserine.C-glycosylation is when the sugar attaches to the carbon atom of amino acid. An example is when the sugar mannose bonds to the carbon in tryptophan.Glypiation is when a  glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid attaches to the carbon terminus of a polypeptide. Glycoprotein Examples and Functions Glycoproteins function in the structure, reproduction, immune system, hormones, and protection of cells and organisms. Glycoproteins are found on the surface of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Their hydrophilic nature allows them to function in the aqueous environment, where they act in cell-cell recognition and binding of other molecules. Cell surface glycoproteins are also important for cross-linking cells and proteins (e.g., collagen) to add strength and stability to a tissue. Glycoproteins in plant cells are what allows plants to stand upright against the force of gravity. Glycosylated proteins are not just critical for  intercellular communication. They also help organ systems communicate with each other. Glycoproteins are found in brain gray matter, where they work together with axons and synaptosomes. Hormones  may be glycoproteins. Examples include human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and erythropoietin (EPO). Blood clotting depends on the glycoproteins prothrombin, thrombin, and fibrinogen. Cell markers may be glycoproteins. The MN blood groups are due to two polymorphic forms of the glycoprotein glycophorin A. The two forms differ only by two amino acid residues, yet that is enough to cause problems for persons receiving an organ donated by someone with a different blood group. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and H antigen of the ABO blood group are distinguished by glycosylated proteins. Glycophorin A is also important because its the attachment site for Plasmodium falciparum, a human blood parasite. Glycoproteins are important for reproduction because they allow for the binding of the sperm cell to the surface of the egg. Mucins are glycoproteins found in mucus. The molecules protect sensitive epithelial surfaces, including the respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts. The immune response relies on glycoproteins. The carbohydrate of antibodies (which are glycoproteins) determines the specific antigen it can bind. B cells and T cells have surface glycoproteins which bind antigens, as well. Glycosylation Versus Glycation Glycoproteins get their sugar from an enzymatic process that forms a molecule that would not function otherwise. Another process, called glycation, covalently bonds sugars to proteins and lipids. Glycation is not an enzymatic process. Often, glycation reduces or negates the function of the affected molecule. Glycation naturally occurs during aging and is accelerated in diabetic patients with high glucose levels in their blood. References and Suggested Reading Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer (2002).  Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York. 5th edition: pg. 306-309.Ivatt, Raymond J. (1984)  The Biology of Glycoproteins. Plenum Press: New York.

Coke Star Musical Group Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coke Star Musical Group - Coursework Example Stressing upon the importance of user specific design Lazar (2001) states â€Å"A website is a type of information system and as such needs to be designed to meet the needs of the user. It must offer contents that users want and be designed so that users can easily access it in order for the website to be a success.† Keeping in view this heavy reliance of success on web design and user acceptability three users from major users groups were selected for an interview. These include the online viewer, online customer and future concert or musical show booking. The online viewer wants to have an explicit and systematic listing of all the performances by the group along with thumbnails and details like date of performance, venue, and length etc. The website is required to offer plug-ins required to play the selected performance, all related audio video controls, the fastest streaming and switching between performances. Online customer would like to have preview of what they have ordered and multiple easy payment options. The online customer may be required to select a delivery method or service. The third user has emphasized the need of a calendar of Coke Star future engagements in order to plan and reserve a date with the group. The user would like to receive an email confirmation of the booking along with other details. The exact requirement for the booking should be collect in a carefully designed web form. 3. Wire Frames 4. Target Users The Coke Star Musical Group website will be used by a number of user groups, each of these groups have their specific requirements, interests and goals. Ensuring the fulfillment of users’ expectations is a key to the successful web design and to clearly outline the user requirements following three personas are developed based on direct interview with the users; a) Online Viewer i. May be in any age bracket but mostly between 12-32 ii. The goal of the user is to find and listen his favorite music online iii. The interest of the user in to listen pop music and hit songs iv. The user will visit the site just to listen online free music v. The user may also visit to review the upcoming music albums and to learn about Coke Star upcoming performances. b) Online Customer i. May be in any age bracket but mostly between 12-32 ii. The goal of the user is to purchase CDs and DVDs of his choice iii. The interest of the user in to listen pop music and hit songs iv. The user will visit the site to buy music albums online v. The user may also visit to review the upcoming music albums and to learn about Coke Star upcoming performances. c) Event Manager i. May be in any age bracket but mostly between 22-45 ii. The goal of the user is to contact and confirm availability of Coke Star for a concert or musical show. iii. The user has business motivations and the nature of interaction is serious and straight forward. iv. The user will visit the site to confirm the availability of Coke Star v. To show his interest in a performance and to make a business contract. 5. Evaluation of Wire Frames I have selected the walk through technique to conduct a user centred evaluation of the Coke Star Website. Walkthrough evaluation is a simple and effective technique which can b e carried out with the help of a single user. The user is presented with an interface and is asked to perform a set of instructions on the interface. The same evaluation can be conducted on the wireframe sketches where user gives his feedback on what he can gather from the sketch. This user understanding can be collected

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Personal Statement Example ing my goals; however, at the same time, I believe that academic understanding is very important, and thus, amalgamation of my strengths and academic achievements have turned me into an ambitious and successful person that dreams to contribute constructively in the future. Academically, I completed my undergraduate degree in Business Administration from Taibah University, Saudi Arabia in the year 2007 that provided me a basis to understand the foundations of business world. Subsequently, to continue my process of lifelong learning, I acquired my Masters degree in E-Commerce from Dalhousie University, Canada in the year 2010 that enhanced my knowledge regarding the business society and that will be very beneficial in playing a pivotal role in the contemporary business world. As a follower of lifelong learning process, my fervor, and aspiration for education and learning does not stops here that have enabled me to apply for a PhD in E-Commerce that will facilitate me in acquiring a challenging position to make some constructive alterations in the business society on global level. Moreover, I have carried out detailed research regarding the business profession & I enormously admire it due to the way the field is making positive changes in so many live globally. In addition, I consider your academic institution as one of the most reputable institutions after acquiring information about faculty and highly academic environment that will facilitate me in achieving my goals effectively. Finally, with the much success and pledge to achieve more, it is my belief that this PhD degree will be my own way of contributing to the development of my society and the whole

Nursing Health History Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Health History - Case Study Example Two months later, Dorothy noticed that the wound is becoming bigger and worse and has moved up to the lower portion of the leg. The persistence of this wound prompted the patient to consult the emergency department of the hospital. Dorothy does not smoke, but claims to drink a few glasses of wine on occasion. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, performing minimal household chores. Tending to her garden every morning is the most exercise that she does. There is history of Diabetes Mellitus on the maternal side of the patient, while on the paternal side, there is history of hypertension. Despite this knowledge, Dorothy still liked eating cakes and pastries. There is no history of asthma. In 1971, she published her nursing concepts of practice known as the Self Care theory (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Snyder, 2004). She sought to answer the questions "what is nursing" and "when do people need nursing care", from which she concluded that people need nursing when they are unable to care for themselves (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). Orem's Self Care theory revolves around four concepts: (1) self care; (2) self care agency (which consists of two agents: the self care agent and a dependent care agent); (3) self care requisites; and (4) therapeutic self care demand (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). ... self care; (2) self care agency (which consists of two agents: the self care agent and a dependent care agent); (3) self care requisites; and (4) therapeutic self care demand (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). Self care pertains to the activities an individual practices independently throughout the course of life to promote and maintain health and wellness, while self care agency refers to the individual's ability to carry out these activities (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). The self care agent is the independent individual who cares for himself, while the dependent care agent is another person who provides the care. Examples of a self care agent and a dependent care agent are adults and children respectively (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Snyder, 2004). Lastly, therapeutic self care demand pertains to every activity done by an individual to fulfill self care demands, which stems from the need to be responsible (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). In short, it refers to actions taken to maintain health and wellness. Self Care Deficit Model courtesy of www.nursing.uiowa.edu Self care is performed by oneself for oneself. It is a gradually learned and deliberate behavior for the purpose of bringing about a condition of well-being (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). It is an individual's right and at the same time a personal responsibility. It may be effective or ineffective, and therapeutic and non-therapeutic (University of Iowa, n.d.). According to this theory, it is the self care deficit that presents the need for nursing care, not the medical condition (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). Self care deficit is subdivided into three categories: universal self care requisites, developmental self care requisites, and health deviation self care requisite

Unites States Current Account Deficit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Unites States Current Account Deficit - Essay Example Other government funded interests such as education, military and infrastructure will suffer greatly as well. Why these statements are valid along with imparting a general overview of the national debt so as to illuminate the crisis is this paper’s purpose. If Congress does not control its overspending through measures such as passing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution and adhering to it, the country’s economic future is in deep peril. The President submits a proposed budget to Congress in early February for the coming fiscal year that runs from October 1 to September 30 (Executive Office, 2002). The President’s budget request to Congress accomplishes two main objectives. First, it relays the President’s opinion of how much should be taken in via taxation and how much should be spent. Second, it prioritizes the President’s present and future federal funding desires. â€Å"The budget typically sketches out fiscal policy and budget priorities not only for the coming year but for the next five years or more† (Coven & Kogan, 2006). When Congress receives the President’s budget, it usually conducts hearings to discuss many of the requests before developing a budget resolution. This is the budgetary parameters that Congress will work within when making their determinations regarding taxes and spending. The budget resolution, drafted by both Senate and House Budget Committees includes b oth mandatory and discretionary spending goals (Executive Office, 2002). Following committee approval, the resolution is submitted for a vote and possible amendments by the entire membership of the Senate and House. Afterwards, a joint House-Senate committee is convened to resolve any disparities in the resolution of the two versions passed by each house of congress. The resulting joint report is sent back to

Business Systems Analysis and Design Coursework - 5

Business Systems Analysis and Design - Coursework Example will happen when the new system is working, taking into account any issue based problems not immediately apparent, but which could impact on the final implementation if it happens.(Patching, 1995). The analysis started with interviews and a study of existing systems and processes and the number of people working for the society, nothing like the appraisal system exists at present. The latest implementation was that of the staff absence-monitoring system, which created some hostility from the staff, who felt it was an unjustified attack on them. The society has a large customer base many being in the co-operative society themselves, so fulfilling two roles both of which are important. To ask them whether they feel staff should be appraised gave a problem, many felt that staff should be appraised regularly to help with efficiency, others that there was an infringement on peoples working lives. The Personnel Manager has felt for some time that changes were necessary; he was not popular last year when he insisted on bringing in an employee absence monitoring system. Staff were hostile to the system as they felt it attacked them unnecessarily. Since then the system has been reluctantly accepted, but it has created a them and us attitude between managers and staff which is not good for the co-operatives’ work. After the initial work was completed the analysis; (using the soft system methodology) was begun, the first step was to build a graphic representation called a rich picture first, and then building Human Activity Systems (HAS) using the CATWOE methodology to capture information on the involvement and actors in the society, giving root definitions for each of the HAS, this then leads into conceptual modelling and then comparing against the real world. Checkland states: SSM has been described as an organised learning system that deals with complex and messy problematical situations (Checkland 1999). The idea is to gain deeper understanding of the problem by

Political Philosophy - What is the best form of government Essay

Political Philosophy - What is the best form of government - Essay Example Plato’s argument against democracy is dependent on the basis of it being centered on the power of the people to decide what they deem is good for them. The problem of the lack of specialization on matters of the state poses a problem on the choosing of the best possible solution. The Greek word ‘demos’ which translates to ‘the people’ is easily attributable to the concept of ‘the mob.’ This is where the concept of the silent majority and the loud minority may come to play. The word mob by itself sends a negative connotation that can be thought of as unruly and chaotic. Plato proposes that a leader should be holistic in his education and approach to ruling the state. Foremost, he must be a philosopher as Plato thinks that this enables him to consider the importance of education for others. There are also other requirements which include knowledge in music, mathematics, military, and physical education. The analogy of a person’s heal th to a state directly explains why Plato does not favor democracy. The state and its health need to be attended to be by a doctor (Wolff, p. 67). A physician will be able to administer with skill and accuracy correct judgment because of his expertise. This in essence undermines the capacity of the people to articulate good views. Mills idea of democracy is very straightforward, â€Å"to improve the citizens, and to manage their public affairs. Thus governments are to be judged by their effects on individuals, whether they improve them morally and intellectually, and by their efficiency in dealing with matters of public concern† This essentially means the need for representation and the importance of the power of the constitution becomes tantamount. People thrive when they are given independence. Everyone plays a part in the realization of sovereignty by being protective against the danger of oppression (p. 94-95). Rousseau’s proposition is not so different from that of Plato

Business Systems Analysis and Design Coursework - 5

Business Systems Analysis and Design - Coursework Example will happen when the new system is working, taking into account any issue based problems not immediately apparent, but which could impact on the final implementation if it happens.(Patching, 1995). The analysis started with interviews and a study of existing systems and processes and the number of people working for the society, nothing like the appraisal system exists at present. The latest implementation was that of the staff absence-monitoring system, which created some hostility from the staff, who felt it was an unjustified attack on them. The society has a large customer base many being in the co-operative society themselves, so fulfilling two roles both of which are important. To ask them whether they feel staff should be appraised gave a problem, many felt that staff should be appraised regularly to help with efficiency, others that there was an infringement on peoples working lives. The Personnel Manager has felt for some time that changes were necessary; he was not popular last year when he insisted on bringing in an employee absence monitoring system. Staff were hostile to the system as they felt it attacked them unnecessarily. Since then the system has been reluctantly accepted, but it has created a them and us attitude between managers and staff which is not good for the co-operatives’ work. After the initial work was completed the analysis; (using the soft system methodology) was begun, the first step was to build a graphic representation called a rich picture first, and then building Human Activity Systems (HAS) using the CATWOE methodology to capture information on the involvement and actors in the society, giving root definitions for each of the HAS, this then leads into conceptual modelling and then comparing against the real world. Checkland states: SSM has been described as an organised learning system that deals with complex and messy problematical situations (Checkland 1999). The idea is to gain deeper understanding of the problem by

Waste Management in Fonterra Tirau Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Waste Management in Fonterra Tirau - Assignment Example Tirau site produces both technical and edible casein, manufacturing about 7000 tonnes per year for export to the USA, China, Japan and Europe. Fonterra Tirau contribute a lot to the South Waikato community and its members. Fonterra Tirau site conducts regular neighborhood clean-ups and helps the unpaid assistant fire brigade in their activities. Biogas produced from the site’s waste water treatment system is used to partly fuel the site’s boilers. Fonterra Tirau site owns one of the largest waste water treatment plants in the Southern part of Hemisphere and all other sites in the region relays on this site (Franklin, R 2007). A detailed EIA report that was submitted to Waikato department of Environment should have the following details which are the main components of EIA: Screening, Scoping, prediction and mitigation, management and monitoring or audit. Screening is the process of deciding on whether an EIA is required. EIA may be based on site-specific information. For example in this case before the Tirau site was established EIA should have been conducted because it is likely to cause a lot of environmental issues which require to be properly mitigated. Guidelines for whether or not an EIA is required will be country specific depending on the laws or norms in operation (Manning 1986). Scoping is conducted early in the project cycle at the same time as outline planning and pre-feasibility studies. Scoping is the process of identifying the key environmental issues and is perhaps the most important step in an EIA. Decision makers, the local community and the technical community, have an interest in assisting to premeditate the issues which should be dealt with (Wathern, 1988). Prediction and mitigation follows once the scoping process is finished once the major impacts to be studied have been identified, prediction and mitigation measures are then discussed. Mitigation is defined as a set of

Duffys poetry Essay Example for Free

Duffys poetry Essay A critic has writ7ten that Duffys poetry is primarily concerned with human failings. To what extent do you feel this is true of The Worlds Wife? Refer to two or three poems in detail or range more widely through the whole collection. Carol Ann Duffys collection of The Worlds Wife revolves a lot around the subject of human failings. Duffys use of everyday language allows her poems to be interpreted by everyone. In the collection of The Worlds Wife she tackles serious issues such as gender, contemporary culture, alienation and social inequality. These themes allow her to writing to appeal to a contemporary audience and delivers key messages. The theme of arrogance is seen in several poems, in Mrs Icarus we see that she finds his arrogance unappealing and that she feels as if men feel they can defy the acts of God hes a total, utter absolute, Grade A pillock. This is similar to Faust, who sold his sole to the devil in return for twenty-four years of unlimited pleasure, knowledge and power; he boasts I spent the night being pleasured by a virtual Helen of Troy. Dr Faustus lack of self control, ignorance and plain arrogance could be assumed to be a failing, although he lived a happy life his inhibitions to be successful he needed the aid of the devil therefore he was doomed from the beginning. Here we can see the obvious links between the two poems and how the two characters egotistical ways led to their failure. One interesting failure Duffy uses is seen in the poem The Devils Wife, Duffy interestingly splits this poem into six sections which all relate back to different themes, we see the value of a relationships, motherhood and repentance. The poem is written based on the background history of the Moors Murders, with the protagonist Myra Hindley and how she became besotted with sociopath Ian Brady. In the first part of the poem we as the readers see how Duffy, displays Hindley as being the ordinary office worker with a crush I scowled and poured and sneered. I gave as good as good as I got till he asked me out we can see that she was the one who initiated the whole relationship. The story changes He entered me. From this moment she was now his, this could be another failing that men have more control than women and she was just his puppet he made me bury a doll. Duffy uses an interesting metaphor here, she say doll instead of a child as a doll is thought to be a childs toy and just a possession which they eventually no longer require. It ends with I felt like this: Tongue of stone. Two black slates for eyes. Thumped wound of a mouth. Nobodys Mam. We can see that she has become so obsessed with him, her life has changed forever. Also we are able to identify another theme of motherhood, people were unable to understand how Hindley was able to commit the most abhorrent, sadistic and unforgivable crimes against children as women are associated with protective mother love. We then see that in the third part of the poem, Duffy uses a sonnet in an untraditional form; instead of it being the ordinary love poem, the lack of punctuation shows Hindleys state of mind and shes finally repenting and blaming Brady for all of the murders. The final part of the poem gives different forms of execution and she finally admits she was in fact the Devil wife. Although this poem is lengthy, the key themes all relate to the main subject of human failings, love is a key importance in this poem He held my heart in his fist and squeezed it dry. Here we can see that men are dominant in relationships and Brady was in control of Hindley, which could be deemed a failing. Also motherhood is a joyous gift in life and could be one of the most important things in life but Hindley displays apathy towards children and lets Brady control her life I flew in my chainswhere wed buried the doll. Finally we see another theme of repentance Get me a Bible honestly promise you swear but by the time she finally realised her mistakes it was too late. Another them used is Power, this could also be assumed as a failing. In Mrs Midas, in which she finds that everything her husband touches turns to gold; soon after she realises the marriage will not work because of her husbands selfishness. I thought of the Field of the Cloth of Gold and of Miss Macready. Here we can see that her husband valued wealth above everything else, but it wasnt until he accidently touched his daughter he realised the mistake of his greed that was his failing. In The Kray Sisters, Duffy subverts the original story by using female portrayals instead of men; the poem uses cockney slang which allows us as readers to interact more with the poem and makes it more believable. The Kray Twins ran a protective racket, and were well known West End gangsters. The poem actually displays the success of the twins and how they were feared among the streets. However interestingly this so-called respect may have given the Krays the authority they wanted We wanted respect for the way we entered a bar, or handled a car, or shrivelled a hard-on with simply a menacing look However ultimately this respect led to the demise of the twins and they may have ruled the west end during their time but landed themselves a life-sentence in prison. Was it really worth it? Respect and honour are meant to be earned with dignity not by threatening and violating people; therefore I think that although this poem contains positive connotations it ultimately displays a failing. Duffys collection of the Worlds Wife is an interesting selection of poems and it is clear that one of the major themes associated with the collection is Human Failings, although these are not seen clearly and not every persona fails the actions they carry out could be assumed as a failing. The ironical and satirical way Duffy writes displays the dark humour of The Worlds Wife we can see that Duffy tries to impersonate the wives of famous characters both factious and fictions.